Semiconductor
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A material whose conductivity lies between a conductor and an insulator and can be controlled by doping (such as silicon).
// EXPLANATION
Adding atoms such as phosphorus or boron to pure silicon creates n-type and p-type regions; combining them gives diodes and transistors. All modern electronics rests on this principle.
// ALSO KNOWN AS
semiconductorsemiconductors
// RELATED TERMS
TransistorThe semiconductor element that switches or amplifies current with a small voltage and is the basic building block of every digital chip.
Lithography (EUV)The process of printing circuit patterns onto silicon with light; EUV (extreme ultraviolet) at 13.5 nm wavelength makes the smallest structures possible.
Nanometre (process node)The name of a chip manufacturing technology (for example 3 nm, 2 nm); today it works more as a marketing label than a real length.
